Bipolar affective disorder is one of the serious conditions that affect the mental health of many people. With professional consultation from Specialist Level II Doctor Nguyen Hoang Yen, this article will help you better understand the nature of the disorder, its symptoms across different stages, and the most effective treatment methods. Learn more now to gain essential knowledge for protecting and caring for your mental health.

 

Bipolar affective disorder is a mental condition that affects a person’s emotions. Individuals with this disorder experience extreme mood swings, ranging from manic (high energy, overexcitement) episodes to depressive (low energy, sadness) periods, which can last from several days to weeks. These mood fluctuations can seriously affect one’s ability to work, communicate, and maintain social relationships.

The exact cause of bipolar disorder is still not clearly defined. However, experts suggest that genetic factors, brain chemistry, and environmental influences may all contribute to its development. Early recognition and proper treatment are crucial to improving the patient’s quality of life.

Bipolar Disorder Type I

Bipolar Disorder Type I is characterized by at least one clear manic episode lasting for seven days or more (or requiring hospitalization). It may also include major depressive episodes, though depression is not required for diagnosis. This is considered the “classic” form of bipolar disorder. During manic episodes, individuals often act impulsively, lose control, become irritable, or engage in risky behaviors without considering the consequences.

Symptoms of the manic phase include:

• A sudden increase in energy and an unusually elevated mood.

• Talking rapidly, uncontrollably, and sometimes off-topic.

• Decreased need for sleep while still feeling energetic.

• Believing they have special abilities, power, or can achieve unrealistic goals.

• Making reckless decisions, such as overspending or engaging in dangerous activities.

Symptoms of the depressive phase include:

• Persistent sadness, hopelessness, and lack of motivation.

• Difficulty maintaining relationships, work, and social activities.

• Loss of interest in previously enjoyable activities.

• Negative or suicidal thoughts.

Both phases can severely affect a person’s quality of life and require timely medical intervention.

Bipolar disorder type II includes at least one episode of hypomania (milder symptoms lasting at least 4 days, not severe enough to cause major social or occupational impairment) and one episode of major depression, without any full manic episode. It is often difficult to recognize because hypomanic episodes may be overlooked. Although not as intense as type I mania, hypomanic episodes still have a significant impact on the patient’s behavior and emotions.

Symptoms of the hypomanic phase:

• Increased energy and activity beyond normal levels.

• Feeling extremely confident or having a sense of being able to do anything.

• Frequent impulsive decisions, though less severe than in type I.

Symptoms of the depressive phase:

• Feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and despair.

• Fatigue and lack of energy, difficulty concentrating.

• Irritability and a sense of worthlessness.

If left untreated, the disorder can cause serious disruption to the patient’s daily life.

Cyclothymic disorder

Cyclothymic disorder is a milder form of bipolar disorder in which individuals experience rapid mood changes between periods of elevated mood and depression, but these episodes do not meet the full criteria for mania, hypomania, or major depression. The mood swings are shorter in duration compared to Bipolar I or II disorder but occur more frequently.

Symptoms of the elevated phase:

• Increased energy, heightened mood, and enhanced creativity.

• The individual may feel overly confident, leading to impulsive or poorly thought-out decisions.

Symptoms of the depressive phase:

• Feeling extremely tired, unmotivated, and hopeless.

• Easily moved to tears or feeling guilty without clear reason.

• Difficulty concentrating and maintaining relationships.

Cyclothymic disorder can be difficult to recognize because mood changes do not last long, but they still significantly affect the person’s daily functioning.

Understanding the different types of bipolar disorders helps in early recognition and timely treatment. If you or someone you know shows symptoms of this condition, seek advice and support from mental health professionals to ensure proper care for emotional well-being.

What are the similarities and differences between bipolar disorder and depression?

Many people confuse bipolar disorder with depression because both include depressive episodes. However, there are clear differences:

Similarity: Both bipolar disorder and depression have depressive phases with symptoms such as sadness, loss of interest in life, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, and insomnia.
Difference: The major difference is that bipolar disorder also includes manic phases, whereas depression only has depressive episodes. The manic phase can make the person overly excited, lose control, and engage in risky behaviors.

Accurately distinguishing between these two conditions is crucial for appropriate treatment. Treating only the depressive episodes without addressing the manic phases can increase the risk of relapse.

>>> See more: 5 warning signs of anxiety disorders in older adults that are often overlooked

Treatment methods for bipolar disorder

Treatment of bipolar disorder is a long and complex process that requires collaboration between doctors and patients. The goal of treatment is to help patients stabilize their mood, minimize emotional fluctuations, and maintain balance in daily life.

Acute-phase treatment focuses on rapidly controlling the symptoms of severe manic or depressive episodes, especially during the acute stage. Early intervention helps patients stabilize their condition and prevents serious consequences caused by the disorder.

Timing of treatment

Acute-phase treatment is usually initiated as soon as the first signs of manic or major depressive episodes appear. These symptoms can arise suddenly and may last from several days to a few weeks. Without timely treatment, the condition can worsen, leading to issues such as job loss, family conflicts, or dangerous behavioral disorders.

Treatment methods

Acute-phase treatment primarily involves the use of mood stabilizers, antipsychotic medications, and antidepressants. Commonly used drugs include lithium, valproate, and lamotrigine to help regulate the patient’s emotional state.

At the same time, psychological therapies such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and family therapy are applied. The goal is to help patients better understand their condition and develop effective coping strategies.

Additionally, studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of neuromodulation methods in treating bipolar disorder, including transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), deep brain stimulation (DBS), and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).

Maintenance-phase treatment

After the patient’s mood has stabilized, maintenance treatment is carried out to sustain long-term stability and prevent relapse. This method usually lasts longer and helps the patient maintain an emotional balance, preventing future manic and depressive episodes.

Timing of treatment

Maintenance treatment is typically applied once the patient has passed the acute phase and their condition has stabilized. However, maintenance therapy needs to continue for an extended period, sometimes lasting several years, to ensure the patient does not experience a relapse.

Methods and duration of treatment

In maintenance treatment, the patient continues to take medication, but the dosage is adjusted appropriately to maintain long-term stability. The duration of treatment varies depending on each patient’s condition, but it usually lasts from several months to several years.

In addition to medication, psychological therapies continue to play an important role in consolidating treatment outcomes. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) or family therapy can help patients maintain healthy habits, improve stress coping skills, and sustain positive relationships within the family and community.

Treating bipolar disorder is a long-term process that requires patience from doctors, patients, and their families. Combining medication with psychological therapies yields the best results, helping patients maintain stability and improve their quality of life.

Hoang Yen Psychiatric Specialty Clinic – A trusted destination for patients receiving treatment for bipolar disorder.

Hoang Yen Psychiatric Specialty Clinic, professionally led by Specialist Level II Dr. Nguyen Hoang Yen, is a trusted destination for the treatment of mental health disorders, particularly bipolar disorder. With over 20 years of experience in psychiatry, Dr. Nguyen Hoang Yen and his dedicated, highly skilled medical team are committed to providing high-quality mental health care.

At the clinic, patients receive treatment using modern approaches, including medication and psychotherapy. The clinic’s goal is not only to help patients manage the symptoms of bipolar disorder but also to support long-term stability and improve their overall quality of life.

The clinic also offers counseling services for patients’ families, helping them understand the condition and how to support their loved ones during treatment. With a professional and friendly care environment, Hoang Yen Clinic is a reliable choice for managing bipolar disorder and other mental health issues.

Bipolar disorder is a complex condition that can profoundly affect a person’s life if not treated promptly. Proper recognition of symptoms and the application of appropriate treatment methods are crucial to help patients stabilize their emotions and maintain their quality of life.

By combining medication and psychological therapy with the dedication of the medical team, treatment at Hoang Yen Clinic can help patients control their emotions, maintain stability, and overcome life’s challenges.

If you or a loved one are experiencing signs of bipolar disorder, do not hesitate to seek professional support. At Hoang Yen Clinic, you will receive attentive care and appropriate treatment to help restore balance in your life. Contact us today for consultation and timely treatment.

• Address: No. 12, Alley 44, Do Quang Street, Yen Hoa Ward, Hanoi, Vietnam
• Hotline: +84 974 509 322
• Website: https://phongkhamtamthanhoangyen.com/