Schizophrenia is no longer a rare condition in modern society. However, many people still misunderstand it, and some even fear or stigmatize those affected by it. In the article below, we will provide a comprehensive overview of schizophrenia treatment, its underlying causes, effective support methods, and ways to prevent the disorder scientifically and efficiently.

Main Causes of Schizophrenia

Before discussing the treatment of schizophrenia, it is important to understand that it is a serious disorder within the group of mental illnesses. Patients often lose the ability to distinguish reality and experience difficulties in thinking, communication, and emotional regulation. Without timely intervention, the disorder can persist and severely affect the quality of life of both the patient and their family.

Schizophrenia is not “multiple personality” as many people mistakenly believe. It is a medically based condition, caused by a combination of multiple factors, not merely stress or weak mental resilience.

Genetic and Biological Factors

Many studies have shown that genetics play an important role in the development of schizophrenia. If someone in the family has had the disorder, the risk for close relatives is significantly higher compared to the general population.

It is not just simple heredity; gene mutations related to neurotransmitters such as dopamine and glutamate also contribute to an increased risk of the disorder. These genes affect the activity and connectivity of brain regions, leading to behavioral and cognitive disturbances.

Changes in Brain Structure, Function, and Neurotransmitters

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has shown significant changes in the brain structure of individuals with schizophrenia.

In particular, there is a reduction in gray matter volume, especially in the frontal and temporal lobes, which are responsible for thinking, decision-making, and processing emotional information. Dysregulation of neurotransmitters such as dopamine, glutamate, and serotonin affects emotions, behavior, and cognitive abilities. Some evidence suggests that abnormal brain development during the prenatal stage may contribute to an increased risk of developing the disorder later in life.

Influences from Psychological, Social, and Cultural Factors

The living environment also strongly influences the manifestation of the disorder. Children raised in environments with domestic violence, substance abuse, or social isolation have a higher risk of developing schizophrenia.

In addition, cultural pressures, excessive societal expectations, and prolonged stressful learning or working conditions can trigger symptoms in individuals with underlying vulnerabilities.

Effective Treatment Methods for Schizophrenia

Treatment of schizophrenia has entered a new phase, no longer limited to merely “controlling symptoms” but aiming for long – term goals: comprehensive recovery of physical and mental health and social reintegration. This is a continuous process requiring close coordination among doctors, patients, families, and the community.

At specialized clinics and reputable psychiatric hospitals, schizophrenia treatment is built on multiple medical pillars, including antipsychotic medications, psychological therapy, psychiatric rehabilitation, social support, along with long-term monitoring and individualized treatment plans.

Overall Treatment Goal

We clearly recognize that treating schizophrenia is not only about alleviating symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, or behavioral disturbances. The broader goals are:

• Restore cognitive and social functioning so that patients can live independently.

• Enhance emotional regulation and reduce the risk of relapse.

• Create a long-term supportive environment to ensure patients do not feel isolated or stigmatized.

An effective treatment plan is one that helps patients understand their condition, manage symptoms, and integrate into the community without being overly dependent on healthcare facilities.

Treatment with Antipsychotic Medications

Antipsychotic medications remain the cornerstone of medical treatment for schizophrenia. There are two main groups:

• First-generation (typical): Haloperidol, Chlorpromazine… These are highly effective for positive symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations. However, they can cause side effects like movement disorders (hand tremors, muscle stiffness).

• Second-generation (atypical): Risperidone, Olanzapine, Quetiapine, Clozapine… These are more commonly used today because they control symptoms effectively while minimizing side effects.

It is important to note that the choice of medication and dosage must be prescribed by a specialist psychiatrist. Patients should never stop medication on their own when they feel better, as this can lead to severe relapse. If side effects occur (tremors, weight gain, excessive sleepiness, etc.), patients should revisit their doctor for adjustment rather than discontinuing the medication themselves.

Neuromodulation Methods

Neuromodulation refers to methods that directly or indirectly influence central nervous system activity, helping to regulate disrupted neural networks in schizophrenia. These methods do not fully replace medication but can significantly assist in treatment-resistant cases or persistent symptoms (such as auditory hallucinations or prolonged lack of emotion). Some techniques include transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), deep brain stimulation (DBS), and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).

Gene Therapy and Advanced Biological Approaches

Since schizophrenia has a strong genetic component (estimated at 60–80% heritability), genomic research is opening new avenues for future treatment by targeting the root causes. Several related genes have been identified, such as:

• COMT (Catechol-O-methyltransferase): Affects dopamine metabolism.

• DISC1 (Disrupted in Schizophrenia 1): Regulates neural development.

• NRG1, DTNBP1, ZNF804A: Involved in synaptic connectivity and neural signaling.

Scientists are experimenting with neural stem cells to regenerate brain regions with impaired connectivity or abnormal activity. Although still in early stages, this approach offers potential for restoring brain structure rather than merely controlling symptoms.

Rehabilitation and Community Support Services

After the acute phase, patients need to participate in psychiatric rehabilitation programs to reintegrate into society. The goals of this phase are:

• Restore basic life skills such as eating, personal hygiene, and using public transportation.

• Train work skills or provide suitable vocational support.

• Provide psychological counseling for families to ensure proper guidance and support.

In some advanced models, such as those in France and Japan, and now emerging in Hanoi, community centers combining healthcare and social support receive patients after inpatient treatment. These centers help patients live in a semi-independent environment while still providing medical assistance and professional supervision when needed.

Psychotherapy

Psychotherapy is one of the key interventions that helps patients manage their cognition and emotions. Currently, two widely applied methods are:

• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Helps patients identify distorted thoughts and gradually learn to adjust them to perceive reality more accurately.

• Family Therapy: Assists family members in understanding the disorder, communicating without triggering agitation, and providing proper support during mild relapses.

Additionally, for patients with a history of psychological trauma or those who have lived in abusive environments, trauma-informed therapy can also yield positive results, helping them restore mental stability.

Combining psychotherapy with antipsychotic medication helps prolong symptom stability, prevent relapse, and improve overall quality of life.

Some Habits and Daily Routines to Help Prevent Schizophrenia

Proper care in daily life can reduce the risk of developing the disorder and greatly support the treatment process.

Daily Routine for Patients with Schizophrenia

Patients need to maintain a balanced lifestyle: get enough sleep, avoid staying up late, and refrain from alcohol or substance use. Families should help patients establish a reasonable daily schedule for each activity.

Participating in light activities such as walking, yoga, or meditation can also help stabilize the mind, reduce anxiety, and relieve prolonged stress.

Nutrition to Support Treatment

Nutrition plays an important role in the recovery process. We recommend a diet rich in B vitamins, omega-3, and healthy proteins to support brain function.

It is advisable to limit fast food, processed foods, and high-sugar items, as they can disrupt neurotransmitter activity, affecting mood and behavioral control.

Methods to Prevent Schizophrenia

Although there is no way to completely prevent schizophrenia, early detection of unusual signs can help achieve better management.

Some warning signs to watch for include:

• Excessive sleep or prolonged insomnia without a clear reason.

• Becoming withdrawn, speaking less, interacting less, or showing unfounded suspicion.

• Exhibiting strange behaviors or loss of emotional control.

At the first appearance of these signs, it is important to take the individual to a specialized medical facility for early assessment and intervention.

Hoàng Yến Psychiatric Clinic – A trusted and safe facility for schizophrenia treatment in Hanoi

In Hanoi, Hoang Yen Psychiatric Specialty Clinic is one of the most highly regarded addresses by both patients and professionals for the treatment of schizophrenia.

The clinic is led by Specialist Doctor II Nguyen Hoang Yen, who has over 20 years of experience in diagnosing and treating complex mental disorders.

The clinic provides the following services:

• In-depth examination and consultation for schizophrenia.

• Personalized treatment plans tailored to each patient’s condition.

• Regular monitoring of progress and appropriate medication adjustments.

• Psychological counseling and social rehabilitation support.

With a dedicated team of doctors, modern medical equipment, and a comprehensive schizophrenia treatment model, Hoang Yen Psychiatric Specialty Clinic is a reliable place for you or your loved ones to confidently seek recovery.

Schizophrenia is no longer a death sentence or “the end of life” as many people once believed. Thanks to advances in modern medicine, combined with family and community support, patients can live healthy lives, work, and contribute just like anyone else.

We believe that accessing accurate information and seeking specialized care promptly is the key to opening a door of hope for millions facing this condition.

If you need support or detailed consultation, do not hesitate to contact Hoang Yen Psychiatric Specialty Clinic – a place where expertise, medical ethics, and compassion come together.

Contact Information:

• Address: No. 12, Alley 44 Do Quang Street, Yen Hoa Ward, Hanoi

• Hotline: 0974 509 322
• Website: https://phongkhamtamthanhoangyen.com/